Temperament and family environment in the development of anxiety disorder: Two-year follow-up.

Objective: Behavioural inhibition (BI) in early childhood is associated with increased risk for anxiety. The present research examines BI alongside family environment factors, specifically maternal negativity and overinvolvement, maternal anxiety and mother-child attachment, with a view to providing a broader understanding of the development of child anxiety. Method: Participants were 202 children classified at age 4 as either behaviourally inhibited (N=102) or uninhibited (N=100). Family environment, BI and child anxiety were assessed at baseline and child anxiety and BI were assessed again two-years later when participants were aged 6 years. Results: After controlling for baseline anxiety, inhibited participants were significantly more likely to meet criteria for a diagnosis of social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder at follow-up. Path analysis suggested that maternal anxiety significantly affected child anxiety over time, even after controlling for the effects of BI and baseline anxiety. No significant paths from parenting or attachment to child anxiety were found. Maternal overinvolvement was significantly associated with BI at follow-up. Conclusions: At age 4, BI, maternal anxiety and child anxiety represent risk factors for anxiety at age 6. Furthermore, overinvolved parenting increases risk for BI at age 6, which may then lead to the development of anxiety in later childhood

To Be Quiet and Permanently Beautiful: Women on Display

Women are surrounded by messages telling them how to meet the cultural expectations set by society. The messages revolve around a woman’s most valuable assets: her beauty and service to men – everything else is unnecessary. These messages come from a variety of media: movies, TV, magazines, and advertisers, which are then reinforced by the public. Women are on display. The consequences of cultural values which revolve around women as objects of display can be dire. Women who meet the standards are valued only for that singular accomplishment, women who don’t are ostracized, and neither group is free to live her life on her own terms. While women can often be silenced when speaking out against injustices, art can add another voice to speak to these issues. This exhibit can continue a conversation contributing to change already put in motion by activists that have come before

We spend how much? Misperceptions, innumeracy, and support for the foreign aid in the United States and Great Britain

Majorities of citizens in high-income countries often oppose foreign aid spending. One popular explanation is that the public overestimates the percentage and amount of taxpayer funds that goes toward overseas aid. Does expressing aid flows in dollar and/or percentage terms shift public opinion toward aid? We report the results of an experiment examining differences in support for aid spending as a function of the information American and British respondents receive about foreign aid spending. In both nations, providing respondents with information about foreign aid spending as a percentage of the national budget significantly reduces support for cuts. The findings suggest that support for aid can be increased, but significant opposition to aid spending remains

Digital Baboon: Curating 30 years of Primatology Research Data

Many digital data curators will agree that making digital storage, online platform, digitization best practices, and metadata schema choices is a complicated process, even for a simple database. Curating a project that encompasses tooth casts, palm prints, field sheets, videos, images, and a database assembled over a thirty-year period extends those challenges, but also creates an opportunity to preserve and share an irreplaceable contribution to research. Librarians at Washington University in St. Louis are currently working with Dr. Jane Phillips-Conroy, Professor of Physical Anthropology; Anatomy and Neurobiology, to digitally curate this heterogeneous mix of physical and digital data. Dr. Phillips-Conroy’s work has centered on the long-term study of the of the Anubis and Hamadryas species of baboons - and their hybrid offspring. Her methods included the observation, capture, measurement and biological sampling of over 1000 animals in 13 social groups, thus making the research unrepeatable. This poster will outline the various technologies and methods the Data & GIS Services Librarians have utilized to ensure the ongoing access and preservation of these data. Results from the implementation of newer technologies, such as the 3D digitization of tooth casts will be shared.https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/lib_present/1008/thumbnail.jp

Orbital Targeting Using Reduced Eccentric Anomaly Low-Thrust Coefficients

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90625/1/AIAA-51336-469.pd

Temperament, family environment and anxiety in preschool children.

This research examines the relationship between behavioural inhibition (BI), family environment (overinvolved and negative parenting, parental anxiety and parent-child attachment) and anxiety in a sample of 202 preschool children. Participants were aged between 3 years 2 months and 4 years 5 months, 101 were male. A thorough methodology was used that incorporated data from multiple observations of behaviour, diagnostic interviews and questionnaire measures. The results showed that children categorised as behaviourally inhibited were significantly more likely to meet criteria for a range of anxiety diagnoses. Furthermore, a wide range of family environment factors, including maternal anxiety, parenting and attachment were significantly associated with BI, with inhibited children more likely to experience adverse family environment factors. No interactions between temperament and family environment were found for child anxiety. However, a significant relationship between current maternal anxiety and child anxiety was found consistently even after controlling for BI. Additionally, there was some evidence of a relationship between maternal negativity and child anxiety, after controlling for BI. The results may suggest that temperament and family environment operate as additive, rather than interactive risk factors for child anxiety. This is discussed in the context of theoretical models of child anxiety and directions for future research

Equivalent Average Trajectory Dynamics Using the Reduced Low-Thrust Coefficients

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83639/1/AIAA-2010-7829-955.pd

Propulsion System and Orbit Maneuver Integration in CubeSats: Trajectory Control Strategies Using Micro Ion Propulsion

The Propulsion System and Orbit Maneuver Integration in CubeSats project aims to solve the challenges of integrating a micro electric propulsion system on a CubeSat in order to perform orbital maneuvers and control attitude. This represents a fundamentally new capability for CubeSats, which typically do not contain propulsion systems and cannot maneuver far beyond their initial orbits